jack russell terrier temperament clownish. In 2023, Jack Russell Terriers are still commonly used as working dogs and make great companions for active families. jack russell terrier temperament clownish

 
 In 2023, Jack Russell Terriers are still commonly used as working dogs and make great companions for active familiesjack russell terrier temperament clownish Le prix d'un Jack Russell Terrier varie en fonction de ses origines, son âge et son sexe

Average weight: Males 6. 4. Full of energy, Jack Russell Lab mixes require high amounts of exercise. The Jack Russell Terrier Club of America standard calls for dogs to be from 10 to 15 inches in height, whereas the AKC standard calls for a smaller range of 12 to 14 inches. Herunder finder du en oversigt over aktuelle kuld af racen Jack Russell Terrier, der pt. Except for your Jack Russell Terrier Pit Bull mix to stay upbeat and friendly, but they may start digging or barking at. Ainsi, son corps est compact et souple, bien proportionné, avec des épaules bien formées,. Coat. The Patterjack pooch is a result from crossing a Patterdale Terrier with a Jack Russell Terrier. These categories are Working, Gundog, Pastoral, Hound, Utility, Terrier, and Toy. 4 - 8. 5. An adult Jug measures from just 28cm to 33cm and should weigh between 6kg and 8kg. $150. Jack Russell Terriers have a lifespan of 12. The Jack Russell Terrier’s founder, John Russell, once said the ideal Jack Russell Terrier should “resemble the conformation of an adult vixen red fox, approximately 14 inches at the withers and 14 pounds in weight. We hope that you like the precious collection of dog names. In the Jack Russell vs Beagle comparison, some of the key differences lie in their sizes, coat colors, and temperaments. They are loving and playful. 4. Jack Russells are good dogs for people who are happy to devote at least an hour a day to substantial, play-filled walks. Rat Terrier Temperament. He adopted and named the dog Trump, who was thought to be a mix between a Black and Tan Terrier and a Fox. They usually have a mostly white coat with patches of tan or black. This breed is considered a true working terrier and was named after John “Jack” Russell, a dog breeder from the United Kingdom. Temperament & Intelligence of the Jackweiler. Morkie (Yorkshire Terrier x Maltese) Cute, clownish, and incredibly playful, the Morkie is a Yorkie mix who’s always ready for fun. Adopting an adult Jack Russell Terrier from a rescue centre may be a more cost-effective option, with the added advantage of giving a home to a pet. a kind temperament and an easy to love personality. This is a first generation or F1 mix, which means that the puppies are usually a product of two purebred parents. In the 27 years I have been Loving, Breeding, and Caring for my personal line of. All Dogs Have Good and Bad Behaviors, Jack Russell’s Are No Different. 2 kg Females 6. Lifespan: 12–15 years. The cost depends on factors like parent breed history and whether the puppy is dewormed, vaccinated, spayed, or chipped. They typically weigh between 13 and 18 pounds, and stand between 10 and 15 inches tall at the shoulder. The Dachshund Jack Russell Terrier mix will generally be smaller in stature. In England, this hardworking hunter is known as the Jack. The Jack Highland Terrier is a hybrid which results from the breeding of a Jack Russell Terrier and a West Highland White Terrier. All colors are desirable by breeders except blue. The breed has three coat varieties: Smooth, Broken and Rough. The Jack Russell Terrier Club of America standard calls for dogs to be from 10 inch / 25. A thorough brushing two to three times per week is recommended to prevent tangles and mats and to distribute the coat’s natural oils. A black Jack Russell Terrier is a small dog with a long body. December 20, 2022. Even the Pit Bull mix won’t be able to level them out. Updated on Oct 20, 2023. He is a confident dog and faces any new situation head on. 8 cm). To say Miniature Bull Terriers make life fun is an understatement. Signs of liver problems can include: Loss of appetite. Both dogs make excellent pets, and are small enough for apartment life. The Jack Russell terrier is typically tenacious, courageous, energetic, and friendly with people over age four (more on this below). This mixed breed dog is characterized by its high activity level, speed, and a strong bond with its human companions. Once you get to know one, you’ll realize they’re just silly dogs with great humor and a load of charisma. Developed in England in the 1800s, the Jack Russell Terrier is a working terrier used to hunt foxes. Bull Heeler Terrier (Australian Cattle Dog & Bull Terrier Mix) Image credit: ark. Den skal opdrages med en fast, men kærlig hånd. Although the Jack Russell should be confident in his actions, overt aggression — especially toward humans. It derives from dogs bred and used for fox-hunting in North Devon in the early nineteenth century by a country parson, Jack Russell – for whom the breed is named – and has similar origins to the modern. Breed Overview GROUP: Terrier HEIGHT: 10 to 15 inches WEIGHT: 13 to 17 pounds COAT: Short coat that can be smooth or rough COAT COLOR: White with black, tan, or brown markings LIFE SPAN: 13 to 18 years TEMPERAMENT: Intelligent, fearless, clownish, quirky, athletic, energetic HYPOALLERGENIC: No ORIGIN: England Temperament and personality Jack Russell terrier FAQs Conclusion Introduction Thinking of adopting an adorable and perky Jack Russell terrier but concerned about their reputation for being a little aggressive, and a lot mischievous? Jack Russell terriers are a lively, intelligent, highly trainable breed. Temperament: Energetic, Intelligent, Social, Affectionate, Gentle. Basset Hound puppies are born in litters of 6 - 8, with over-large ears that are comically too big their tiny bodies. It is spirited and obedient, yet absolutely fearless. The Chihuahua is the smallest dog breed and a member of the toy group . They resemble Benji with their fuzzy beards, mustaches, and eyebrows. Twinkle – Sparkling. Neither the Jack Russell nor the Rat Terrier are large dogs, so putting them together results in a small to medium size dog. Eyes. The Cocker Spaniel-Jack Russell Terrier mix breed has a short, compact body with a weight of 10-15 kg and a height of 35-45 cm. The Jack Russell Labrador mix is a high-energy, friendly, and loyal breed. Jack Chi. Though this is an average weight, each dog is unique, and some could weigh above or below this expected weight. Jedná se o temperamentního, svéhlavého a inteligentního psa, který je. Repeat command and return inside if barking continues. Standard plemene rozeznává tři varianty: krátkosrstou, lámanou a drsnosrstou. Jack Russells have higher intelligence than Norfolk Terriers and are also. Unfortunately, liver disease is quite common in senior Jack Russells – especially a liver disorder called portosystemic shunt (PSS). 10 Best Mastiff Breeders (2023): Our Top 10. Size: Males weigh 12–17 pounds, while females weigh 10–15 pounds. Russell eventually passed away, but this new breed of dog lived on. Bred for foxhunting in rural England, these. 10 to 15 years. Jack Russell Terrier size is 10 to 15 inches tall. The coat is short and dense, with a variety of colors such as black, brown, white and tan. Once fully grown, Jack Russell Terriers can weigh 14 to 18 pounds on. The Jack Tzu is a mix between the Jack Russell Terrier and the Shih Tzu. Russeltzu. Unknown. Contact —. This positive plays right back into the very first pro of the Jack Russell we mentioned previously. The Blue Heeler Jack Russell Terrier Mix is an extremely intelligent, lively, and strong dog, sharing the features of both its parents. Temperament: Your Jack Russell Terrier is a lively, tenacious, bold, fearless, feisty, cheeky, confident, independent, intelligent and full of life dog. When these two breeds are crossed, the result is a Jack Russell Pit mix, also known as a “Jack Pit. The Jack-A-Bee is a sweet and intelligent dog that is a mix of the Jack Russell Terrier and English Beagle. Jack Russell Terrier Temperament. Share. the same goes for their personality and temperament. Jack Russell Terriers have a lifespan of 10 to 15 years. The Jack Russell Terrier was a strong-willed working class dog that originated in England during the 1800s. Glen of Imaal Terrier. Small, friendly dogs, Jack Russell Terriers make good family pets — and are also suitable for city-dwellers who live in apartments. A huge part of why Boston Terriers are so charming is because of the endless amount of entertainment they can provide. Basset Hound puppies are laid-back, good-natured and almost clownish in temperament and personality. It gets along with the family, although it’s usually a one-person dog. The breed’s character is generally demonstrated by the carriage of the ears, its erect tail when moving and its. Energetic and agile. 6. This is a wonderful way to get a loyal and fun dog while. Jack Tzu, known as RussellTzu, is a designer dog that is a result of a mix between Jack Russel Terrier and Shih Tzu. org. Description : The Boxer's body is compact and powerful. Weight: 5-6 kg . godine, kada je osnovan Australski klub Jack Russell Terrier. One of the ultimate goofballs in the list of goofy dogs, the Jack Russell Terrier has the energy to back up their wacky ways! Just because they’re silly doesn’t mean they’re not coordinated though. This includes daily walks and playtime. Jack Russell Terrier. His appearance may vary greatly, even within the same litter, due to being a hybrid; however, the typical appearance is a medium sized dog with large ears and intelligent eyes. They come in all colors and patterns, but the most common coat is white with black markings. Jack Russells often excel in dog sports and the activity helps burn off their extra. It was originally developed to hunt foxes during the Victorian era, so it comes as no surprise that this purebred has a strong desire to work and prefers having a job to do. The jaw has an under bite. The Jack Russell Terrier is known as an active, agile, and high-endurance dog, so he needs physically and mentally. Their coat is short and can feel smooth or rough. Coat color – Jack Russell dogs typically have three coat colors: white, tan, and black. It is important to note that their bodies and their weight should be in proportion to their height to produce a sturdy, well-balanced dog. Exercise. Cute and lively, the Jack Russell Terrier has incredible bursts of energy throughout the day. Socialization is a huge part of every dog’s life. Jack Russell Beagle Mix. 00. Small pets like cats and rabbits may not be safe around this Jack Russell terrier mix, even after socialization. As a small poochie, the PRT can go just about anywhere including your purse or backpack. 00. Jack Russell Terrier. Pebbles – Small and Smooth. They give 100 percent whether they’. Although every dog has its own uniqueness, the Jackador temperament will mostly come from dog breeds that are more prevalent in its DNA. The Jack Russell Terrier is a smaller breed and usually grows between 25 and 38 inches tall, while the Fox Terrier is a slightly larger breed and usually grows between 25 and 40 inches tall. It is muscular, compact and energetic. Eyes. He’s confident, alert and always ready for work. Not a high maintenance hybrid, he is ideal for the novice dog owner. The breed is named after the Reverend Jack Russell, credited with the creation of this type of dog. Coton de Tulear 7. All the coats tend to shed. 6 to 50. There are two types of Jack Russell Terriers: A wire-coated one and a short-coated one. Physical exercise helps release this energy. Also, deal with your dog’s boredom – up the games and physical activity, and provide some new treats and toys. org. That’s just the initial cost—it’s estimated that the annual cost of owning a dog is between $2,000 and $9,000 (roughly). I highly encourage not only Jack Russell owners but all dog owners to utilize clicker training. 5-15” tall. Russells were bred to be able to go to ground and chase burrowing game, so their bodies are squarish in shape and compact. Povijest JRT-a započela je službeno 1972. 13-17 lb. And the elderly will cherish Jack Russell Terriers as clownish and ingenious entertainers. Temperament: Clownish, Aloof, Dignified, Independent, Happy; Colours: Black, Cream, Red; Height: Male: 68–74 cm, Female: 60–69 cm #3 Airedale Terrier Hypoallergenic Airedale Terrier Dog Breed. Cojack Pictures. Perthes disease. Exercise. A wire-haired Jack Russell terrier needs at least 60 minutes of daily exercise. Female. Their alert eyes are almond in shape and dark in color with black eye rims. It’s very determined and stubborn and can hound a cat it has trapped for several hours. Det er også en hund, der er nem at træne, da den besidder masser af selvtillid og nysgerrighed på at lære nyt. 2 kg. Mini Jack Russell Terrier Colors. Friendly, playful, and energetic, these pups inherited some of the best qualities. Jack Russell Terrier Temperament. 58 votes, 110 comments. Although this terrier is small and cute, it is a true working dog, with all of the tenacity and determination required to be one of the best hunters of any breed. Pug Yorkie Mix. This breed’s waterproof coat can be course, smooth, or wire-haired. The Russell Terrier is AKC's 175th breed. The result is a pooch that can win over any prospective owner with its endearing personality. 10. Their nose is flat with wide nostrils and may be red, blue or black. The result is a unique, balanced breed that stands as a potential. Your Jack Russell Terrier will need very few trims; the most you will need to do is probably regular trimming of the longer hair on their face using bull nose scissors. Life span – 10 to 15 years. Your French Bull Jack will also likely need more exercise than other pups on this list, with special care needed. Energetic, curious and playful, he is a good match for active families. These include white, cream, tan, and. Morkie (Yorkshire Terrier x Maltese) Cute, clownish, and incredibly playful, the Morkie is a Yorkie mix who’s always ready for fun. Jack Russell Terrier puppies between the ages of 2 and 5 months typically sleep for 18 to 20 hours per day. Though a short coat is most common for these dogs, you are still able. An important attribute in this dog was a tempered aggressiveness that would provide the necessary drive to pursue and bolt the fox, without resulting in physical harm to the quarry and effectively ending the chase,. Our focus is on health, nutrition, temperament, socialization, and. The average Russell Terrier can grow to between 10 and 12 inches in height and weigh anywhere from 9 to 15 pounds. Whether you are a fan of the short or long-haired Jack Russell Terrier, this usually white-colored dog breed with tan, brown, or cream markings will surely make you smile. Male. Wire-coated Jack Russells are active dogs with high amounts of energy. Sure, they may be a bit clownish and relatively clumsy, but they will still love and be great companions with children. Pokud ovšem chcete shodit nějaké to kilo navíc, je jack ideální parťák. 2. So, you will have a lot of fun with the offspring. The jack russell terrier is a highly energetic small dog breed that was originally bred to aid in fox hunting. Jack Russell puppies are little working terriers that originated in 19th-century England. Cairn terriers are usually between 10-14 inches tall. Loaded with personality, the Jack Russell Terrier is both intelligent and hilarious. Smooth coats are always short with a slightly harsh texture. Reverend John Russell developed the breed in Devonshire during the 1800s. Twinkle – Sparkling. Female: Slightly smaller. Mischievous at times but very fun to have around, his inquisitive. Colors: Caramel, white, fawn, silver & brown, black & tan. You should also allow your Jack Russell to run around in a secure outside space between walks to stretch. MENTALITET Jack Russell Terrieren er grundlæggende en meget social, venlig, glad og livlig lille hund, på trods af sit terrier temperament, som naturligvis ikke skal undervurderes. These intelligent, cute, and charming dogs are feisty, fearless, and fun to be around. The Russell Terrier is AKC's 175th breed. The smaller size of the Jack Russell Terrier made him perfect for activities related to seeking and routing foxes from their dens. Jack Russell Terriers for sale should be about 10 to 15 inches tall at the shoulders. Personlighed. Jack Russell terrier er en ægte arbejderterrier, der har sin oprindelse i rævejagt i England. Breed Group: Terrier. The Foxy Russell is described as a loving, hyperactive, and curious explorer who loves to dig holes and lead the way. Find similarities and differences between Jack Russell Terrier vs American Pit Corso vs Rat Terrier. Jack Russell dogs across Australia. The Rus-a-Pei, a delightful hybrid breed, is the product of crossing the Jack Russell Terrier and the Chinese Shar Pei, two distinct and charismatic breeds. American Pit Bull Terrier vs Jack Russell Terrier behavior/temperament comparison: Stubborn Clownish Courageous Intelligent Friendly Affectionate Obedient Loyal. They are not purebreds like their Jack Russell Terrier or Poodle parents. Jack Russell Breed Overview. The ears of an American Pit Bull Terrier are small to medium-sized, set high on their head and may be cropped or not. Breeze – Gentle Wind. JACK RUSSELL TEMPERAMENT. The two breeds differ a great deal in appearance and temperament, so their offspring. The ancestry of the breed combines the ultimate size, instinct. Weight. The Parson Russell Terrier is like a Jack Russell Terrier with longer legs and a more boisterous personality. Wait for 10 minutes, then let him out again. Traits and Characteristics. Jack Russell teriér. Under 2000-talet har jack russell terriern blivit en av de populäraste hundraserna i flera länder. Weight: Female: 6-8kg, Male: 6-8kg. Fur: There are three different fur types: smooth, rough, and broken. 5 cm long. Jack russell terrier temperament – (Image Source:. Lifespan: 12 to 14 years. Všechny tyto varianty odlišuje jen typ chlupu. Jack Russell Terrier. They never turn down an outdoor romp and their sensitive noses are. Sporting enthusiast Reverend John Russell (nicknamed “Jack” - you can see where this is going) began breeding white terriers with enough stamina and wit for fox hunting. Jack Russells are white with black or tan markings. Breed Standard. 5. El terrier de Jack Russell o Jack Russell Terrier és un gos de caça àgil, que tot i ser de petita mida té molta força i resistència. UKC Classification: Terrier. Without sufficient activity, they are prone to destruction of property and terrorization of other household pets (and children. The Jack. The dog’s straight though not hypoallergenic coat comes in three different varieties: smooth, rough, and broken. The Cojack is a mix between the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, or the Corgi for short, and the Jack Russell Terrier. Jack Russell Terrier: In the early 1800s, the man who originated the dog breed Jack Russell Terrier was known as John Russell; hence the name was decided. Doporučili bychom však procházek více za den nebo alespoň nějaké zábavné hry u vás na. The Boston Terrier breed is one of 12 breeds that originated in the United States. The Boston Terrier Pug mix is a small to medium-sized dog, although most of these hybrid pups fall under the former category. Independent problem solvers. All colors are desirable by breeders except blue. Jack Russell teriér, zkratkovitě i JRT ( anglicky: Jack Russell Terrier ), je psí plemeno původem z Anglie. Jack Russells have a reputation for being stubborn dogs. 13. dog Breed Profile Home / Dog Care: What's New? / Dog Breeds The Jack Russell terrier comes in three different coat types: smooth, broken and rough (coarse, longer straight hair). The American Kennel Club describes the breed as” Among the most comical and mischievous citizens of dogdom, the Bull Terrier is playful and endearing, sometimes stubborn, but always devoted. As usual, the mix cobines the psychological traits of pure breeds. 1. . The Jack Russell Terrier is a smallish dog, weighing 14-18 pounds and standing between 12-15 inches tall. The Russell Terrier is a cheerful little breed that packs plenty of spunk and personality into its pocket-sized body. The Russell Terrier has been recorded in the Foundation Stock Service since October 2005. Bill adds: "Their lively temperament and endless energy means they are better suited to active owners that will have enough time to exercise. The resulting hybrid is remarkably healthy and unmistakenly Terrier. ) Display A Calm Demeanor and Household. Colors: Pied tan & white, white, brown, tan, or black and white or black. Based on our further analysis of the survey, we found that the Jack Russell Terrier has a stranger-directed-aggression score of 43. He was bred in England to hunt foxes but these days he makes a charming and affectionate little pet in many homes. The keen, intelligent Russell Terrier thrives on being outdoors and needs plenty. They have a well-balanced compact body that is in proportion to their height. 08. Den är en terrier och grythund. The mom is usually a Jack Russell Terrier, as the smaller Chihuahua wouldn’t be able to deliver the bigger offspring. 1 tæve Jack Russell Terrier hvalpe til salg. They typically need around 45 minutes a day of rigorous exercise, plus plenty of off the leash play. Ignore him completely if you are inside when he barks. Similarities and differences between American Pit Bull Terrier vs Jack Russell Terrier. Last Updated: Apr 11, 2022 Quick Links: Table of Contents Shih Tzu Versus Jack Russell Terrier: Introduction Shih Tzu versus Jack Russell Terrier: Overview Shih Tzu versus Jack Russell Terrier: Comparison Table The Most Remarkable Differences Between the Shih Tzu and the Jack Russell Terrier The Similarities Between the Shih Tzu and the Jack. 8 Different Types of Tri-Color Bully (With Pictures). Vocal. Jack Russell Pitbull mixes have had firm jaws and stiff-floppy ears. Staffordshire Bull Terrier – Most affectionate and trustworthy. The head is in proportion with the body. Kansas City, MO. His clownish and hilarious personality was the best… The Jug is a cross between a Pug and a Jack Russell. The Lakeland Terrier breed may be either solid-colored or saddle-marked. Jackapoo dogs are a designer breed, mixing the Jack Russell Terrier and Toy or Miniature Poodle. Their eyes are medium in size, round and set well apart. The coonhound is more easily trained than beagles, but both breeds are wanderers and can get themselves in trouble if allowed to run loose. Desirable and Good Behavior Traits of a Jack Russell. The Jack Russell Terrier is a fearless, energetic and tenacious dog despite its small size. er til salg. Su cuerpo es robusto y compacto, más largo que alto, con extremidades cortas pero fuertes. This adorable, mixed breed is a crazy but lovable digger. Below are some great ideas for quality homemade dog food recipes for the Jack Russell! Chicken & Quinoa. However, The Jack Russell Terrier Club of America standard calls for dogs to be from 10 to 15 inches in height, whereas the AKC standard calls for a smaller range of 12 to 14 inches. The Russell Terrier originated in England and was developed in Australia. Det var en præst ved navn John Jack Russell, der var skaberen af hunderacen, som også kom til at blive opkaldt efter ham. One look into their bright, almond-shaped eyes, and you’ll know you’ve found a friend for life. The Jack Russell Terrier is a well-known and beloved breed that has gained popularity worldwide. Weight. The Coton de Tulear is a rare breed with a soft, cotton-like coat that forms cords if not brushed. It is related to the Airedale and the Scottish terrier and was first bred around 1820 in the Scottish Highlands. This breed’s waterproof coat can be course, smooth, or wire-haired. 4 - 8. Temperament: Loyal, intelligent, playfulness, protective, devoted. 3. These dogs are the strong-but-silent type. 1. Find similarities and differences between Jack Russell Terrier vs Pocket Pitbull vs Rat Terrier. Weight. This dog is also devoted and affectionate. The Minnie. The head of a Parson Russell reflects its terrier nature, with strong jaws and a gaze that is direct and intelligent. Appearance. This type of dog may be of different colors: white, black, tan or a mixture of those. Welcome to Rivercity Russells. Physically, the Jack Russell is a small dog, typically. Compact and cute, this designer dog is loaded with personality. 4. 3. Smooth Fox Terrier Size and Weight. He is a small dog that tends to mimic the body type of the Jack Russell Terrier with slightly longer fur and a slightly smaller body type than the purebred Jack Russell. doggo. It is a small dog with a height of 10-12 inches, and a weight of 9-15 pounds. In 1819, a man named John Jack Russell came upon a female Terrier dog while wandering the campus of Oxford University. Jack Russells have a great reputation for being healthy, happy and adventurous little dogs. It is a cross between the Jack Russell Terrier and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi. 1. Lifespan: 13-16 years . The Russell Terrier stands between 8-12” tall, the Jack Russell Terrier stands between 10-12” tall, and the Parson Terrier stands between 12. Which is better: Pit or Jack?. Go Home Date8 Weeks After Birth. "Fox Fire Jacks" is "an open book" and we will be more than happy to have you visit and tour our home to see where and how our Puppies, Adults, and Rescued Jack Russell's are raised. Jack-Chi, Jackahuahua, Jackhuahua. Temperament. Det er en "stor" hund forklædt som lille! Korrekt socialiseret fra opdrætteren og med fortsat positiv opdragelse og socialisering. Adopt a Jack Russell Terrier near you in British Columbia. Aggressive Behavior with Jack Russell’s. Like the Yorkshire, much of the Jack Russell's lineage can be largely attributed to one dog, Trump, whose owner, Reverend John Russell, was a parson and hunting enthusiast who purchased him from a local milkman in 1819. Præsten var en habil og dedikeret jæger og. Jack Russell Temperament and Personality. Cojacks often has the face of a corgi, with large pointy ears, almond-shaped eyes, black nose tip, short but stout legs, and a long straight tail. 5 cm in height, whereas the AKC standard calls for a smaller range of 14 inches / 35. All three coat types consist of an undercoat and a harsh and dense outer coat. Generally speaking, it will reach its full-grown weight at 12 to 14 months. Burt’s Bees shampoo for dogs contains avocado, to moisturize and condition your Jack Russell Terrier’s skin and fur. The breed is often referred to as Toy Jack Russell Terrier. He looks much like your regular Jack Russell but he has shorter legs, and where the regular Jack Russell has an essentially white coat with orange-tan patches, the Irish Jack Russell can be solid tan or other color variations. 7. Jack Russell Terrier. Mini Jack Russell Terriers are primarily white with brown, tan, black, red, or yellow markings. It is the recognised conformation show variety of the Jack Russell Terrier and was first recognised in 1990 in the United Kingdom as the. Take the time to socialize your dog, get training, and keep an eye on them when you introduce them to children. Socialized Jack Russell terriers make excellent.